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Introduction

This book is about using electronic techniques to record, synthesize, process, and analyze musical sounds, a practice which came into its modern form in the years 1948-1952, but whose technological means and artistic uses have undergone several revolutions since then. Nowadays most electronic music is made using computers, and this book will focus exclusively on what used to be called ``computer music", but which should really now be called ``electronic music using a computer".

Most of the available computer music tools have antecedents in earlier generations of equipment. The computer, however, is relatively cheap and the results of using one are much easier to document and re-create than those of earlier generations of equipment. In these respects at least, the computer makes the ideal electronic music instrument--until someone invents something even cheaper and more flexible than a computer.

The techniques and practices of electronic music can be studied (at least in theory) without making explicit reference to the current state of technology. Still, it's important to provide working examples of them. So each chapter starts with theory (without any reference to implementation) and ends with a series of examples realized in a currently available software package.

The ideal reader of this book is anyone who knows and likes electronic music of any genre, has plenty of facility with computers in general, and who wants to learn how to make electronic music from the ground up, starting with the humble oscillator and continuing through sampling, FM, filtering, waveshaping, delays, and so on. This will take plenty of time.

This book doesn't concern itself with the easier route of downloading pre-cooked software to try out these techniques; instead, the emphasis is on learning how to use a general-purpose computer music environment to realize them yourself. Of the several such packages are available, we'll use Pd, but that shouldn't stop you from using these same techniques in some other environment such as Csound or Max/MSP. To facilitate this, each chapter is divided into a software-independent discussion of theory, followed by actual examples in Pd, which you can transpose into your own favorite package.

To read this book you must also understand mathematics through intermediate algebra and trigonometry, which most students should have mastered by age 17 or so. A quick glance at the first few pages of chapter one should show you if you're ready to take it on. Many adults in the U.S. and elsewhere may have forgotten this material and will want to get their Algebra 2 textbooks out as a reference. A refresher by F. Richard Moore appears in [Str85, pp. 1-68].

You don't need much background in music as it is taught in the West; in particular, Western written music notation is not needed. Some elementary bits of Western music theory are used, such as the tempered scale, the A-B-C system of naming pitches, and terms like ``note" and ``chord". Also you should be familiar with the fundamental terminology of musical acoustics such as sinusoids, amplitude, frequency, and the overtone series.

Each chapter starts with a theoretical discussion of some family of techniques or theoretical issues, followed by a a series of examples realized in Pd to illustrate them. The examples are included in the Pd distribution, so you can run them and/or edit them into your own spinoffs. In addition, all the figures were created using Pd patches, which appear in an electronic supplement. These aren't carefully documented but in principle could be used as an example of Pd's drawing capabilities for anyone interested in learning more about that.


next up previous contents index
Next: Sinusoids, amplitude and frequency Up: book Previous: #1   Contents   Index
Miller Puckette 2006-03-03